What are the main materials of glass sandpaper?

The main materials of glass sandpaper are the base material and the abrasive.
When it comes to the base material,  Diamond glass sandpaper usually uses materials that have some flexibility and strength, like paper base, cloth base or sponge base and so on. Paper base is the most common one. It gives good support and a surface to stick to, so the abrasive can be evenly spread on it. Cloth base and sponge base might be used in some special situations, like when you need more elasticity or a better fit for curved surfaces.

The abrasive is the key part of glass sandpaper. It decides how well the sandpaper grinds and where it can be used. The abrasive in glass sandpaper is usually made from minerals or synthetic materials that are very hard, like silicon carbide (SiC). Silicon carbide is a really hard thing. It's often used to grind metals, glass and other hard materials. It has good wear resistance and cutting ability. It can make even scratches on the glass surface to get the effect of grinding and polishing.

Besides silicon carbide, glass sandpaper might also use other types of abrasives, such as aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃), and so on. But which abrasive is used exactly usually depends on the use of the glass sandpaper, the material of what's being ground and the grinding effect you want.

The main materials of glass sandpaper are a combination of the base material and the abrasive. The base material offers support and a surface to stick to, while the abrasive is in charge of the actual grinding work. This combination makes it possible for glass sandpaper to do efficient grinding and polishing on the surface of hard materials like glass.